Standard Anti-Seizure Medications
| Drug Name | Brand Name(s) | Formulation (liquid, tablet, capsule, solution) | Strengths (mg, mg/L) | FDA Approved Indications | Notes |
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) | Acthar HP | Intramuscular injection | 80 units/mL | Infantile spasms monotherapy
Ages < 2 years |
www.actharishcp.com/ |
| Brivaracetam | Briviact | Tablet | 10, 25, 50, 75, 100 mg | Treatment of partial-onset seizures, people > 4 years (tablet, oral solution) | www.briviact.com/ |
| Brivaracetam | Briviact | Oral Solution | 10 mg/mL | Treatment of partial-onset seizures, people > 4 years (tablet, oral solution) | www.briviact.com/ |
| Brivaracetam | Briviact | IV Solution | 50 mg/5 mL | Treatment of partial seizures for people ≥ 16 years of age | www.briviact.com/ |
| Cannabidiol | Epidiolex | Oral Solution | 100 mg/mL | Treatment of seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS), Dravet syndrome (DS) and tuberous sclerosis complex for age 1 year and older. | www.epidiolex.com/ |
| Carbamazepine | Carbatrol
|
ER* Capsules | 100, 200, 300 mg | Partial seizures, generalized tonic clonic, mixed seizure types (not absence) | |
| Carbamazepine | Epitol | ER* Capsules | 100, 200, 300 mg | Partial seizures, generalized tonic clonic, mixed seizure types (not absence) | |
| Carbamazepine | Tegretol | Chewable Tablet | 100 mg | Partial seizures, generalized tonic clonic, mixed seizure types (not absence) | |
| Carbamazepine | Tegretol | IR* Tablet | 200 mg | Partial seizures, generalized tonic clonic, mixed seizure types (not absence) | |
| Carbamazepine | Tegretol XR | ER* Tablet | 100, 200, 400 mg | Partial seizures, generalized tonic clonic, mixed seizure types (not absence) | |
| Cenobamate | Xcorpri | Tablets | 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200 mg | Treatment of partial seizures in adults | xcoprihcp.com/ |
| Clobazam | Onfi | Oral Suspension | 2.5 mg/mL | Adjunctive treatment of seizures for people
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) ≥2 years of age |
www.onfihcp.com/dosing-administration |
| Clobazam | Onfi | Oral Tablet | 10, 20 mg | ||
| Clobazam | Sympazan | Oral Film | 5, 10, 20 mg | Adjunctive treatment of seizures for people with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) ≥2 years of age | www.sympazan.com/ |
| Clonazepam | Klonopin | Oral Tablet | 0.5, 1, 2 mg | Seizure disorders (Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome, akinetic, and myoclonic seizures) | Klonopin can be useful for people with absence (petit mal) seizures who have failed to respond to succinimides. |
| Diazepam | Diastat AcuDial | Rectal Gel | 20 mg/4 mL, 10 mg/2 mL | Selected refractory Epilepsy or intermittent use to control seizures | People with selected refractory epilepsy are on stable regimens of AED and they require intermittent usage of Diastat to control increased seizures. |
| Diazepam | Diastat | Rectal Gel | 2.5 mg/0.5 mL | Selected refractory Epilepsy or intermittent use to control seizures | People with selected refractory epilepsy are on stable regimens of AED and they require intermittent usage of Diastat to control increased seizures. |
| Diazepam | Diazepam Intensol | Oral Concentrate | 5 mg/mL | Selected refractory Epilepsy or intermittent use to control seizures | |
| Diazepam | Valium | Oral Tablet | 2, 5, 10 mg | Anxiety, Alcohol Withdrawal, Muscle Spasms, and convulsive disorders | |
| Diazepam | Valtoco | Nasal Spray | 5, 7.5, 10 mg/spray | Treatment of intermittent, stereotypic episodes of frequent seizure activity (i.e., seizure clusters, acute repetitive seizures) that are distinct from a people’s usual seizure pattern in people with epilepsy 6 years of age and older. | www.valtocohcp.com/ |
| Eslicarbazepine | Aptiom | Oral Tablet | 200, 400, 600, 800 mg | Partial-onset seizure –in people ≥ 4 years of age | www.sunovionprofile.com/sp/aptiom.html |
| Ethosuximide | Zarontin | Oral Capsule | 250 mg | Absence (petit-mal) epilepsy | |
| Everolimus | Afinitor | Oral Tablet | 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 mg | Advanced breast cancer, neuroendocrine tumors, advanced renal cell carcinoma and tuberous sclerosis complex-associated renal angiomyolipoma | Afinitor is a kinase inhibitor that treats people ≥ 1 year of age with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) who have subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA). |
| Everolimus | Afinitor Disperz | Oral Tablet for Suspension | 2, 3, 5 mg | Tuberous sclerosis complex-associated partial-onset seizures | Afinitor Disperz is a kinase inhibitor that treats people ≥ 1 year of age with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) who have subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA).
Afinitor Disperz is a kinase inhibitor that treats people ≥ 2 years of age with TSC-related partial-onset seizures. |
| Ezogabine | Potiga | Oral Tablet | 50, 200, 300, 400 mg | Partial-onset seizures | Used in adjunctive treatment for people ≥ 18 years of age who have not responded well to alternative treatments. |
| Felbamate | Felbatol | Oral Tablet | 400, 600 mg | Partial-onset seizures and Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (LGS) | Not supposed to be used for first-line treatment. This is only used for people with severe epilepsy. |
| Felbamate | Felbatol | Oral Suspension | 600 mg/5 mL | Partial-onset seizures and Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (LGS) | Not supposed to be used for first-line treatment. This is only used for people with severe epilepsy. |
| Fenfluramine | Fintelpa | Oral Solution | 2.2 mg/ml | Treatment of seizures associated with Dravet syndrome | www.finteplahcp.com/
Indicated in people ≥ 2 years of age. |
| Gabapentin | Neurontin | Oral Capsule | 100, 300, 400, 600, 800 mg | Partial-onset seizures | Used in adjunctive therapy for partial-onset seizures in people ≥ 3 years of age with epilepsy. |
| Gabapentin | Neurontin | Oral Solution | 250 mg/5 mL | Partial-onset seizures | Used in adjunctive therapy for partial-onset seizures in people ≥ 3 years of age with epilepsy. |
| Lacosamide | Vimpat | Oral Tablet | 50, 100, 150, 200 mg | Partial-Onset seizures | www.vimpat.com/
For the treatment of people ≥ 4 years of age. |
| Lacosamide | Vimpat | IV Solution | 200 mg/20 mL | Partial-Onset seizures | IV injection is for treatment of people in adult people ≥ 17 year of age. |
| Lacosamide | Vimpat | Oral Solution | 10 mg/mL | Partial-Onset seizures | For the treatment of people ≥ 4 years of age. |
| Lamotrigine | Lamictal | Oral Tablet | 25, 100, 150, 200 mg | Epilepsy, Bipolar disorder | For epilepsy, used in adjunctive therapy in people ≥ 2 years of age. For epilepsy, it is used in monotherapy in people ≥ 16 years of age.
Limitation in use; Not recommended to treat acute manic or mixed episodes. |
| Lamotrigine | Lamictal CD | Oral Tablet, Chewable | 2, 5, 25 mg | Epilepsy, Bipolar disorder | For epilepsy, used in adjunctive therapy in people ≥ 2 years of age. For epilepsy, it is used in monotherapy in people ≥ 16 years of age. |
| Lamotrigine | Lamictal ODT | Oral Tablet, Orally Disintegrating | 25, 50, 100, 200 mg | Epilepsy, Bipolar disorder | For epilepsy, used in adjunctive therapy in people ≥ 2 years of age. For epilepsy, it is used in monotherapy in people ≥ 16 years of age. |
| Lamotrigine | Lamictal XR | Oral Tablet, Extended Release | 25, 50, 100, 200, 250, 300 mg | Generalized tonic-clonic seizures, Partial-onset seizures | Used in adjunctive therapy for generalized tonic-clonic seizures.
Used in monotherapy for partial-onset seizures. Treatment for both types of seizures is for people ≥ 13 years of age. |
| Levetiracetam | Keppra | Oral Tablet | 250 mg, 500 mg, 750 mg, 1000 mg | Partial-onset seizures, myoclonic seizures, primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures | Treatment of partial-onset seizures for people ≥ 1 year of age.
Used in adjunctive therapy for myoclonic and primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures. People ≥ 12 years of age treated for myoclonic seizures. People ≥ 6 years of age with idiopathic generalized epilepsy treated for primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures. |
| Levetiracetam | Keppra | Oral Solution | 100 mg/mL | Partial-onset seizures, myoclonic seizures, primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures | Treatment of partial-onset seizures for people ≥ 1 year of age.
Used in adjunctive therapy for myoclonic and primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures. People ≥ 12 years of age treated for myoclonic seizures. People ≥ 6 years of age with idiopathic generalized epilepsy treated for primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures. |
| Levetiracetam | Keppra | IV Injection | 500 mg/5 mL | Partial-onset seizures, myoclonic seizures, primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures | Keppra IV injection is only used as an alternative treatment option when oral treatment is unavailable. |
| Levetiracetam | Keppra XR | Oral Tablets, Extended Release | 500, 750 mg | Partial-onset seizures | Treatment for people ≥ 12 years of age. |
| Levetiracetam | Spritam | Oral Tablet, Suspension | 250 mg, 500 mg, 750 mg, 1 g | Partial-onset seizures, myoclonic seizures, primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures | Used in adjunctive therapy for treatment of all people.
People ≥ 4 years of age and weighing more than 44 lbs. People ≥ 12 years of age treated for myoclonic seizures. People ≥ 6 years of age with idiopathic generalized epilepsy treated for primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures.
|
| Methsuximide | Celontin | Oral Capsule | 300 mg | Absence (petit-mal) seizures | |
| Oxcarbazepine | Oxtellar XR | Oral Tablet, Extended Release | 150, 300, 600 mg | Partial-onset seizures | Treatment for people ≥ 6 years of age. |
| Oxcarbazepine | Trileptal | Oral Tablet | 150, 300, 600 mg | Partial-onset seizures | Used in either monotherapy or adjunctive therapy in adults.
Monotherapy for people 4-16 years old. Adjunctive therapy for people in people 2-16 years old. |
| Oxcarbazepine | Trileptal | Oral Suspension | 300 mg/5 mL | Partial-onset seizures | Used in either monotherapy or adjunctive therapy in adults.
Monotherapy for people 4-16 years old. Adjunctive therapy for people in people 2-16 years old. |
| Perampanel | Fycompa | Oral Tablet | 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 mg | Partial-onset seizures, Primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures | www.fycompa.com/
Partial-onset seizures treated in people ≥ 4 years of age. Used in adjunctive therapy for epilepsy people ≥ 12 years of age with primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures. |
| Perampanel | Fycompa | Oral Suspension | 0.5 mg/mL | Partial-onset seizures, Primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures | Partial-onset seizures treated in people ≥ 4 years of age.
Used in adjunctive therapy for epilepsy people ≥ 12 years of age with primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures. |
| Phenobarbital | Oral Elixir | 20 mg/5 mL | Sedation, Generalized tonic-clonic seizures, status epilepticus, and partial seizures | ||
| Phenobarbital | Oral Solution | 20 mg/5 mL | Sedation, Generalized tonic-clonic seizures, status epilepticus, and partial seizures | ||
| Phenobarbital | Injection Solution | 65, 130 mg/mL | Sedation, Generalized tonic-clonic seizures, status epilepticus, and partial seizures | ||
| Phenobarbital | Oral Tablet | 15, 16.2, 30,32.4, 60, 64.8, 97.2, 100 mg | Sedation, Generalized tonic-clonic seizures, status epilepticus, and partial seizures | ||
| Phenytoin | Oral Capsule | 100, 300 mg | Focal (partial) onset seizures and generalized-onset seizures | Prevention of seizures after craniotomy. | |
| Phenytoin | Injection Solution | 50 mg/mL | Focal (partial) onset seizures and generalized-onset seizures | Prevention of seizures after craniotomy. | |
| Phenytoin | Dilantin | Oral Capsule | 30, 100 mg | Focal (partial) onset seizures and generalized-onset seizures | Prevention of seizures after craniotomy. |
| Phenytoin | Dilantin | Oral Suspension | 125 mg/ 5mL | Focal (partial) onset seizures and generalized-onset seizures | Prevention of seizures after craniotomy. |
| Phenytoin | Phenytek | Oral Capsule | 200, 300 mg | Focal (partial) onset seizures and generalized-onset seizures | Prevention of seizures after craniotomy. |
| Phenytoin | Dilantin Infatabs, Phenytoin Infatabs | Oral Tablet Chewable | 50 mg | Focal (partial) onset seizures and generalized-onset seizures | Prevention of seizures after craniotomy. |
| Pregabalin | Lyrica | Oral Capsule | 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 225, 300 mg | Seizures, focal (partial) onset, Fibromyalgia, Neuropathic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, Neuropathic pain associated with spinal cord injury, Postherpetic neuralgia | Adjunctive therapy in people ≥1 month of age with focal onset (partial-onset) seizures. |
| Pregabain | Lyrica | Oral Solution | 20 mg/mL | Seizures, focal (partial) onset, Fibromyalgia, Neuropathic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, Neuropathic pain associated with spinal cord injury, Postherpetic neuralgia | Adjunctive therapy in people ≥1 month of age with focal onset (partial-onset) seizures. |
| Pregabalin | Lyrica CR | Oral Extended Release Tablet 24 hours | 82.5, 165, 330 mg | Neuropathic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy and Postherpetic neuralgi | |
| Primidone | Mysoline | Oral Tablet | 50, 250 mg | Seizures | As monotherapy or adjunct therapy for the control of generalized tonic-clonic, psychomotor, and focalepileptic seizures; it may control generalized tonic-clonic seizures refractory to other anticonvulsant therapy. |
| Rufinamide | Banzel | Oral Suspension | 40 mg/mL | Lennox-Gastaut syndrome | Adjunctive treatment in adults and pediatric people ≥1 year of age. |
| Rufinamide | Banzel | Oral Tablet | 200, 400 mg | Lennox-Gastaut syndrome | Adjunctive treatment in adults and pediatric people ≥1 year of age. |
| Tiagabine | Gabitril | Oral Tablet | 2, 4, 12, 16 mg | Partial Seizures | Adjunctive therapy in adults and children 12 years and older. |
| Topiramate | Quedexy XR | Oral Capsule ER* 24 Hour Sprinkle | 25, 50, 100, 150, 200 mg | Seizures and Prevention of Migraines | Monotherapy or adjunctive therapy in people ≥2 years of age
with focal (partial) onset or primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures or seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. |
| Topiramate | Trokendi XR | Oral Capsule ER* 24 Hour | 25, 50, 100, 200 mg | Seizures and Prevention of Migraines | Monotherapy or adjunctive therapy in people ≥6 years of agewith focal (partial) onset or primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures or seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. |
| Topiramate | Topamax Sprinkle | Oral Capsule Sprinkle | 15, 25 mg | Seizures and Prevention of Migraines | Monotherapy or adjunctive therapy in people ≥2 years of age with focal (partial) onset or primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures or seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. |
| Topiramate | Topamax | Oral Tablet | 25, 50, 100, 200 mg | Seizures and Prevention of Migraines | Monotherapy or adjunctive therapy in people ≥2 years of age with focal (partial) onset or primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures or seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. |
| Valproate, Divalproex Sodium | Depakene | Oral Capsule | 250 mg | Bipolar Disorder, Migraine Prophylaxis | Monotherapy and adjunctive therapy for focal onset seizures with impairment of consciousness or awareness (complex partial) and generalized onset nonmotor seizures (absence), and as adjunctive therapy for multiple seizure types.
Do not use for pregnant women or women with childbearing potential unless it is essential for treating their condition. |
| Valproate, Divalproex Sodium | Depakote Sprinkles | Oral Capsule Delayed Release Sprinkle | 125 mg | Bipolar Disorder, Migraine Prophylaxis | Monotherapy and adjunctive therapy for focal onset seizures with impairment of consciousness or awareness (complex partial) and generalized onset nonmotor seizures (absence), and as adjunctive therapy for multiple seizure types.
Do not use for pregnant women or women with childbearing potential unless it is essential for treating their condition |
| Valproate, Divalproex Sodium | Depacon | Intravenous Solution | 100 mg/mL | Bipolar Disorder, Migraine Prophylaxis | Monotherapy and adjunctive therapy for focal onset seizures with impairment of consciousness or awareness (complex partial) and generalized onset nonmotor seizures (absence), and as adjunctive therapy for multiple seizure types.
Do not use for pregnant women or women with childbearing potential unless it is essential for treating their condition. |
| Valproate, Divalproex Sodium | Depakene | Oral Solution | 250 mg/5 mL | Monotherapy and adjunctive therapy for focal onset seizures with impairment of consciousness or awareness (complex partial) and generalized onset nonmotor seizures (absence), and as adjunctive therapy for multiple seizure types. | Do not use for pregnant women or women with childbearing potential unless it is essential for treating their condition. |
| Valproate, Divalproex Sodium | Depakote | Oral Tablet Delayed Release | 125, 250, 500 mg | Monotherapy and adjunctive therapy for focal onset seizures with impairment of consciousness or awareness (complex partial) and generalized onset nonmotor seizures (absence), and as adjunctive therapy for multiple seizure types. | Do not use for pregnant women or women with childbearing potential unless it is essential for treating their condition. |
| Valproate, Divalproex Sodium | Depakote ER* | Oral Tablet Extended Release 24 Hour | 250, 500 mg | Monotherapy and adjunctive therapy for focal onset seizures with impairment of consciousness or awareness (complex partial) and generalized onset nonmotor seizures (absence), and as adjunctive therapy for multiple seizure types. | Do not use for pregnant women or women with childbearing potential unless it is essential for treating their condition. |
| Vigabatrin | Sabril, Vigadrone | Oral Packet | 500 mg | Infantile spasms and Refractory complex partial seizures | May cause permanent bilateral concentric visual field loss so treatment’s potential benefits should outweigh the potential risk of vision loss.
Monotherapy for pediatric people 1 month to 2 years of age with infantile spasms. As adjunctive therapy for adults and pediatric people ≥2 years of age with refractory complex partial seizures who have inadequately responded to several alternative treatments. |
| Vigabatrin | Sabril | Oral Tablet | 500 mg | Infantile spasms and Refractory complex partial seizures | Boxed Warning: can cause permanent concentric visual field loss so treatment’s potential benefits should outweigh the potential risk of vision loss.
Monotherapy for pediatric people 1 month to 2 years of age with infantile spasms. As adjunctive therapy for adults and pediatric people ≥2 years of age with refractory complex partial seizures who have inadequately responded to several alternative treatments. |
| Zonisamide | Zonegran | Oral Capsule | 25, 100 mg | Partial-onset seizures | Treatment is used in adjunctive therapy for adolescents ≥16 years of age and adult people with epilepsy. |
August 3, 2020.
*ER and XR means extended-release and IR means immediate-release.
This comprehensive table was created by University of Texas Austin School of Pharmacy second-year students Johana Suh and Shankari Sureshbabu and reviewed by Collin Hovinga, PharmD, MS, FCCP, Director of Research at Dell Children’s Medical Center-PSS and Clinical Associate Professor of Pharmacy at UT Austin School of Pharmacy.